Deviated Septum
انحراف الحاجز الأنفي
A shift of the wall of bone and cartilage that divides the nose into two nostrils, making one side narrower than the other. It can be present from birth or result from an injury such as a broken nose, and often causes difficulty breathing through the nose, especially when lying down. Surgical correction (septoplasty) is a functional procedure aimed at improving breathing — it does not change the outer appearance of the nose the way cosmetic rhinoplasty does.
This information is for general awareness only and does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.
Quick answer
A deviated septum is when the thin wall of cartilage and bone dividing the nose into two sides is displaced to one side, making one nasal passage narrower. Some degree of deviation is very common and often causes no problems.
When it does cause symptoms, they include nasal blockage (often worse on one side or when lying down), nosebleeds, facial pressure, snoring and recurrent sinus infections.
Mild cases are managed with medicines for congestion or allergy. If symptoms are significant and don't respond, a surgical procedure called septoplasty can straighten the septum to improve breathing. Septoplasty is a functional operation, distinct from cosmetic rhinoplasty.
Symptoms
Blockage of one or both nostrils
Often worse on one side.
Difficulty breathing through the nose
Sometimes worse when lying down or during a cold.
Nosebleeds
Facial pain or pressure
Noisy breathing or snoring
Dry mouth from mouth-breathing
Recurrent sinus infections
Preference for sleeping on one side
Symptom guides
Causes and risk factors
Causes
- Present from birth — Some people develop a deviated septum before birth or during childbirth.
- Nasal injury — A broken nose or other trauma can shift the septum.
- Growth and ageing — The septum can change with time.
Risk factors
- Previous nose injury, including contact sports and accidents
- Family history
- Connective tissue conditions
- Previous nasal surgery
How is it diagnosed?
A doctor, usually an ENT specialist, examines the inside of your nose to see the septum and assess how much it affects your breathing.
Symptoms and history
Breathing problems, nosebleeds, sinus infections, injury or previous surgery.
Nasal examination
Using a lit speculum; sometimes a thin camera (nasal endoscopy).
Imaging
A CT scan of the sinuses may be done if sinus disease is suspected or before surgery.
Treatment
Treatment depends on how much symptoms bother you. Medicines can ease symptoms but do not straighten the septum; only surgery does.
Medicines for symptoms
Nasal steroid sprays, saline rinses, antihistamines for allergy, and short-term decongestants as advised.
Treating allergy and sinus disease
Which can worsen blockage.
Septoplasty
A surgical operation to straighten the septum, considered when symptoms are significant and persist despite medicines.
Combined procedures
Sometimes done together with sinus surgery or turbinate reduction, when appropriate.
Septoplasty improves function (breathing); it isn't designed to change how the nose looks. Cosmetic changes require rhinoplasty, which is a different operation.
When should you see a doctor?
Arrange a medical assessment if
- Persistent nasal blockage affecting sleep or daily life
- Repeated nosebleeds
- Frequent sinus infections
- Loud snoring with pauses in breathing or daytime sleepiness
- A change in nose shape after injury
Seek urgent care if
- Heavy nosebleed that doesn't stop after 15–20 minutes of firm pressure
- After nasal injury: a soft, bluish swelling inside the nose (possible septal haematoma)
- Severe headache, fever, or swelling around the eyes
Prevention
Protect the nose from injury
Wear appropriate protection in contact sports and use seat belts.
Treat allergies and colds early
Avoid smoking and dry irritants
Frequently asked questions
What is a deviated septum?
A shift of the wall that divides the nose into two passages, making one side narrower.
Is a deviated septum common?
Yes. Most people have some degree of deviation, and many never have symptoms.
Do I need surgery?
Only if symptoms are significant and don't respond to medicines.
What is the difference between septoplasty and rhinoplasty?
Septoplasty straightens the septum to improve breathing. Rhinoplasty changes the shape of the nose; sometimes both are combined.
Can a deviated septum cause snoring or sinusitis?
It can contribute to snoring and to recurrent sinus infections by obstructing airflow and drainage.
How long is recovery after septoplasty?
Most people return to light activities within about a week or two, with full healing taking longer; your surgeon will give specific advice.
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Medical sources
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