Tonsillitis
التهاب اللوزتين
Inflammation of the tonsils, usually caused by a viral infection but sometimes bacterial (including strep throat), causing a sore throat, painful swallowing, fever, and swollen neck glands. Most viral cases resolve on their own, while bacterial cases need antibiotics; frequent recurrence may lead to a recommendation for tonsil removal.
This information is for general awareness only and does not replace professional medical advice. Consult a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.
Quick answer
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, the two glands at the back of the throat. It is usually caused by a virus, and sometimes by bacteria such as group A Streptococcus.
Typical symptoms are a sore throat, painful swallowing, red or swollen tonsils (sometimes with white patches), fever and tender neck glands.
Most cases improve within a week with rest, fluids and pain relief. Antibiotics are only for bacterial infection, as decided by a doctor. See a doctor if you cannot swallow fluids, have difficulty breathing, or symptoms last more than a few days.
Symptoms
Sore throat
Often severe and painful when swallowing.
Red, swollen tonsils
Sometimes with white or yellow patches.
Fever and chills
Tender, swollen glands in the neck
Bad breath
Headache and earache
Loss of appetite or refusing food in children
Hoarse or muffled voice
Symptom guides
Causes and risk factors
Causes
- Viral infection — The most common cause; similar viruses to colds.
- Bacterial infection — Group A Streptococcus (strep throat) is the main bacterial cause.
- Spread through droplets and close contact
Risk factors
- Children aged 5–15
- Close contact with someone who has a throat infection
- Crowded settings such as schools and nurseries
- Recent cold or other respiratory infection
- Weakened immune system
How is it diagnosed?
A doctor examines the throat and, when bacterial infection is suspected, may test for it.
Symptoms and examination
Look at the throat and tonsils and feel the neck glands.
Rapid strep test or throat swab culture
Identifies streptococcal infection.
Blood tests
Occasionally for prolonged or unusual illness.
Treatment
Viral tonsillitis needs only supportive care. If a bacterial infection is found, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics; the choice and length of treatment are individual.
Rest and fluids
Drink plenty; cool or soft foods may be easier to swallow.
Pain and fever relief
Simple analgesics as advised; warm salt-water gargles for older children and adults.
Antibiotics for bacterial infection
Take the full course exactly as prescribed.
Tonsillectomy
Considered for frequent, severe or recurrent tonsillitis after specialist assessment.
Stay home until fever settles and you feel able to swallow and eat; if on antibiotics, until at least 24 hours after starting them.
When should you see a doctor?
Arrange a medical assessment if
- A sore throat that lasts more than a few days
- Repeated tonsillitis
- Very painful swallowing or drooling in a child
- Persistent high fever
- Symptoms with a rash or a history of rheumatic fever
Seek urgent care if
- Difficulty breathing or noisy breathing
- Inability to swallow fluids or saliva
- One-sided severe throat pain with swelling, difficulty opening the mouth or a muffled voice (possible abscess)
- Stiff neck or severe drowsiness
Prevention
Wash hands regularly
Avoid sharing cups, cutlery and towels
Avoid close contact with people who have throat infections
Replace toothbrush after infection
Frequently asked questions
What is tonsillitis?
Inflammation of the tonsils, usually due to a viral or bacterial infection.
Is tonsillitis contagious?
Yes. It spreads through droplets and close contact.
Do I need antibiotics?
Only if it is bacterial. Most cases are viral and antibiotics won't help; a doctor can tell by examination and tests.
How long does tonsillitis last?
About a week; longer if untreated bacterial infection.
When is tonsil removal considered?
For frequent, severe episodes that disrupt life, or complications such as abscess or breathing problems during sleep.
Can tonsillitis cause complications?
Rarely: tonsil abscess, or after untreated strep, rheumatic fever or kidney inflammation. That is why persistent or severe cases should be assessed.
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Medical sources
This page summarizes general information from the sources below.