Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): Warning Signs and Emergency Care

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication that occurs when the body, lacking enough insulin, starts breaking down fat for energy at a dangerous rate, producing acids called ketones that build up in the blood. It's most common in type 1 diabetes but can occur in type 2 diabetes as well, particularly during severe illness.

Warning Signs

• Very high blood sugar
• Excessive thirst and frequent urination
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Confusion or difficulty concentrating
• Rapid, deep breathing
• A fruity smell on the breath
• Weakness or fatigue

Why It Happens

DKA can be triggered by missed insulin doses, illness or infection (which increases insulin needs), or, less commonly, being the first sign of previously undiagnosed diabetes. It develops relatively quickly, often within 24 hours.

This Is a Medical Emergency

DKA requires immediate hospital treatment — typically fluids, insulin, and correcting electrolyte imbalances — and can be life-threatening if untreated. It is not something to manage at home.