Sciatica

Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve — from the lower back through the hip and buttock and down one leg — most often caused by a herniated disc pressing on the nerve.

What Makes It Different From General Back Pain

Unlike typical back pain, which stays localized, sciatica specifically follows the sciatic nerve's path and often includes numbness, tingling, or weakness in the leg or foot alongside the pain — our sciatica symptoms guide covers what this looks like in more detail.

Common Causes

A herniated or bulging disc is the most common cause, though spinal stenosis, a bone spur, or (rarely) a tumor pressing on the nerve can also be responsible.

Treatment

Most cases improve within weeks to a few months with conservative treatment — our sciatica treatment guide covers this in depth. Surgery is only considered for the minority of cases with significant, persistent symptoms unresponsive to conservative care, or progressive weakness.

When to Seek Prompt Care

Seek prompt medical care for sciatica accompanied by loss of bladder or bowel control, numbness in the groin area, or progressive leg weakness — these rare but serious signs (cauda equina syndrome) need urgent evaluation.

This guide draws on clinical guidance from Mayo Clinic, the MSD Manuals, and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS).